Next-generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes from stool sample. Analysis of microbial diversity (Shannon index, Simpson index), phylum-level composition (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria), beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia), potential pathogens, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, microbial metabolic functions. Results correlated with digestive symptoms, immune function, inflammation, and metabolic health with personalized dietary recommendations.

Pepsinogen I and II (gastric function, atrophic gastritis risk), Gastrin-17 (stomach acid production, H. pylori effects), H. pylori antibody (IgG), tTG-IgA (tissue transglutaminase – celiac screening), Fecal calprotectin (intestinal inflammation marker), Fecal occult blood (FOB – colorectal bleeding). Comprehensive digestive function assessment with specialist consultation.

3-hour breath test measuring hydrogen, methane, and CO2 levels after lactulose or glucose substrate. Breath samples collected at baseline and every 15-20 minutes for 3 hours. Detects abnormal bacterial fermentation in small intestine. Follows American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) guidelines. Results indicate hydrogen-dominant SIBO, methane-dominant SIBO (IMO – intestinal methanogen overgrowth), or hydrogen sulfide SIBO. Includes dietary guidance for gut restoration.